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- awn $6 (No Model.) I 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. N. S. CLARK.

I 'BRIGK AND POTTERY KILN. No. 432,601. Patented July 22, 1890.

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- 3 Sheets-Shed 2.

N. S. CLARK.

BRICK AND POTTERY KILN.,

No 432,601. Patented'July 22, 1890. I

IV/ll (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 N. S. CLARK; BRIGKAND POTTERY KILN.

\ No. 432,601.. Patented JulyZZ, 1890.

Miran TATES ATEN NBHVMAN S. CLARF ()l .OMAliA, NEBRASKA, ASSIGNOR OI" OXE-lIA LF TO GEORGE HIGGINS,

or snnn PLACE.

BRICK AND POTTERY KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 432,601, dated July 22, 1890.

Application filed September 2, 1889- Scrial No. 322,786. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, NEWMAN S. CLARK, a citizen of theUn ited States, residingat Omaha, in the count of Douglas and State otNcbraska, have invented new and useful Improvements in l'h-iek,'lilc, and Pottery Kilns, of which the following is'a specification.

The objectsot' my invention are, first, the saving of fuel by the peculiarconstruction of fireboxes and perfect control of the heat; second, to provide self-feeding fire-boxes; third, to evenly distribute and regulate the h'eat throughout the kiln by means of properlyconstructed draft-fines and air-duets; fourth, to provide for cleaning out of hot-air ilucs under brick iloor without taking up floor-brick;

- out channels 9, and smoke-tunnel L ing for draft. fuel at upper opening, thus converting them filfth,to provide cold-air ducts and openings for cooling elf a kiln and means by which the heat of a cooling-elf kiln ean.be used for drying and heating material in another kiln. These objects I attain by the arrangements illustrated in 'the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a horizontal section through kiln online E E. Fig. 2 is a half-elevation and half-section of kiln-section on line A A A. Fig. 3 is a section on line C (7 through fire-box a, inside fire-bag I), regulator-d, coldair duct e, and hot-air fines 71 h under floor. Fig. 4 is a section on line D D, showing hotair fines h h under floor, cooling and clean- Fig. 5 is a section on line B B, showing hot-air lines 7:- h under floor, cooling-off and clean-out channels g, vertical smoke-shaft i, and smoke-tunnel I. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of the main smoke-stack (below ground-line) and connection-channels '12. between tunnels l of four kilns 7. Fig. 7 isa section of cooling-cit and clean-out channels g and hot-air chimney 0, outlet for waste heat drawn from coolingoif kiln. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of waste hot-air chimney. I

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

In the above-named'views, u. are fire-boxes, in which the fire is started in openings in front and continued for sevcralhou rs. Then said openings are closed, excepta small open- The fire-box is then filled with into self-feeding fire-boxes. 'lhese ii re-boxes, especially the hearth and inclined back of same are so constructed that the fuel is kept to the front of fire-box and below inside floor-line, thereby creating a more direct draft and causing perfect combustion, and therefore a saving of fuel.

Each fire-box is constructed with a short horizontal hearth or bottom and a considerably larger part or area at the back or rear wall, which is inclined atan angle fromthe hearth, starting ata point on the line of the outside main wall of the kiln and running upward and backward to the line of the floor,

thus making the lire-box hopper-s1raped,

When filled with fuel, tle draft is admitted at the frontand bottom of the fire-box and the fuel is consumed slowly, equally, and perfectly from the under side, and fresh supply is gradually fed from above bythe gravity of the fuel, the tire being easily controlled by regulating the opening through which air is admitted. The heatpassing through the firebags I), a part will be drawn through c, (the side openings in 7),) thereby assisting and more perfectly heating the lower part of contents of kiln between fire-bags I), that portion ot the material in a kiln heretofore imperfeetly burned.

'1' is a vertical shaft in the center of kiln connected with the smoke-tunnel land the cooling-off and clean-out channels 9 and n. The hot-air fines 72 71: under the floor are connected with g. lhc four main or cleaningout ilues g extend entirely across the kiln at right angles to each other and intersect at the center of the kiln and connect at that point with a common vertical smoke-shaft. '1', which leads through an intermediate smoketunnel Z to the detached stack S of the series of kilns. The small heat-flues 7a are arranged at right angles to the lllitllLflUUS g, as shown in Fig. 1, and the outside tlucs h, or thoseheat to the top thereof and the draft is downward from the top toward the bottom,'the heat will follow or seek the most direct outlet to the stack, which in the present case is through the fioornear the fire-box. To equalize the heat and draw the same downwardly and uniformly over the area or surface of the entire kiln, I build the outside fiues 71, or those nearest to the fire-boxes, longer than the inside fiues, which retards the draft at the outside fines. The fines, as stated,gradually decrease in length from the tire-boxes toward the center of the kiln, and the short inner flucs have the most direct communication with the outlet, so that the heat will be carried from the outside fiucs toward the central smoke-shaft, thus burning the goods cvenlyand uniformly.

The cleaning out of fines h h beneath the floor can be accomplished by scraping refuse from h it into g, and from there in fourdircctions, through it, outside, (see Figs. 1 and 2,) the openings g being made large enough to admit a person for the purpose, thus doing away with the necessity of removing the floorbrick.

e designates a cold-air duct or fine, which is arranged cxteriorly of the roof of the kiln in the vertical plane of one of the fire-bags and the hearth, one of these fiucs being.arranged over each fire-bag, as shown. It is a well-established fact that in the or dinary downdraft-kiln the contents on or toward the top thereof are burned the hardest and often injured by excess of heat in the top of the kiln. To overcome this objection, cold air must he admitted to the top of the kiln in order to drive or deflect the hot air downward. Kilns asordinarily constructed have openings in the crown or roof thereof; but it is impossible to supply cold air through these openings because of the excess of heat in the top of the kiln, which heat rushes out of the kiln immediately upon uncovering the openings, and thus prevents the admission of cold air to the interior of the kiln. To overcome this ohjectioml have provided means whereby the escape of the heat is prevented and cold air can be supplied in regulated quantities to the interior of the kiln to overcome an excess of heat in the topthereof and secure The cold-air clined position from the outside of the kiln toward the center thereof; but the inner end of each flue e terminates at a point some distance from the center of the kiln. Theinner end of the cold-air line is closed; but the lower outer end thereof is adapted to be closed by a removable cover or regulator (1, each flue communicating with the kiln at two or more points of its length through the openings f, formed in the roof of the kiln. The hood or cold-air fine is heated to the same temperature as the crown of the kiln on-which it is point within the kiln and to the closed upper the due is built at an angle, as shown. Now, if the regulator or cover (Z is removed from the lower endof the vertically-inclined airduct, cold air will enter and thence pass into the kiln through the openings ff; but no heat will escape from the kiln through the openings ff and the flue, 'whichis due to the inclined position of the latter and the closed upper end thereof. I have furthermore observed that by opening the lowor regulator, which .is located immediately above the firethe base of the latter, the air will rush up through the fire-bag, and as it strikes the crown of the kiln it will be deflected downward, which downward current is assisted by the downdraft of the kiln, and operates to draw in the cold air through the openings f f, and thus take in the required volume of cold air to prevent the upper part of the kiln from being overheated.

The means by which the heat of a coolingoff kiln can be used for drying purposes in another kiln and gradually heating same are illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, and 8. The smoketunnels Z in Fig. 6 of two or more kilns are connected with channels a and regulated by dampers m, so that the escaping or waste heat of cooling-on kiln can be drawn into a kiln filled with material and the heat used for drying purposes. The waste heat thus leaving one kiln through Z is drawn into the other kiln instead of going to the stack S by opening and regulating the dampers m in channels n, and also at m in chimney o, the waste-heat chimney, Fig. 7. (Sec dotted dampers m in Fig. 6, which are open.) The heat thus drawn into another kiln rises through i in the center and through contents in kiln to the top, and from there is drawn downward by opening orregulating m in chimney 0, Fig. 7. v I attach importance to the connectingchannels intermediate of the common smoke-stack and two orimore kilns, each kiln having a ehimneyat the outer terminal of each of its main flues, said-chimncys drawing the heat from a cooling-kiln into one filled with green goods. Each channel around the common smoke-stack has two dampers, whereby the heat may be permitted to pass into the smokestack or from one kiln to the other, so that built, and the hot air ascends to the highestcnd of the-fine, which is due to the fact that box, and which opens into the fire-bag b,near

the heat of one kiln when it is cooling can be downdraft principle of this kiln, broadly;but

What Idoclaim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is.

1. Ina kiln, substantially as described, a vertically-inclined cold-air flue which communicates with the kiln at the top thereof and has its lowerend open for the admission of cold air, substantially as set forth.

2. In a kiln, the combination of a firebox, a vertical fire-bag communicating therewith,

and a cold-air flue e, located on the roof of the kiln in the vertical plane of the 'fire box and bag and-having the inlet-openings fin the roof, for the purpose described, substantially as set forth.

3. A kiln having an exterior cold-air ilue extending from the edge toward the center of the roof thereof, said flue opening into the kiln at points intermediate of the length of the flue, the inner end of said flue being closed and the outer end provided with a movable cover (1, for the purpose described, substantially as set forth.

4. Ina downdraft-kiln, substantially as deseribed, the combination of the central smokeshaft, the series of radial clean-out channels ,1, extending from the central smoke-shaft to the outside walls of the kiln, said channels 9 7 having means'for'closing the outer ends of the same and of suclrcross-sectional area as to permit ready access to the interior ofthe kiln,

and the hot-air'flues h, situated below the floor of the kiln and opening into said channels g, for the purpose described, substantially as set forth. I

5. In a downdraft-kiln, substantially as described, the combination of a vertical smokeshaft located centrally within the kilns, the series of diametric or-radial clean-out channels g, extending from the central smoke-shaft -to the exterior walls of the kiln and having means which close the outer ends of said channels and permit ready access to the same,

and the series of hot-air fines h, one series for eachzclean-out channel, which lines are arranged at right angles to and communicate with said channel, said hot-air flues being situated beneath the floor of the kiln and gradually decreasing in length from the outer wall ofthc'kiln. toward the center thereof,

for the purpose described, substantially as set forth.

6. In a kiln, a tire-box, the perforated vertical fire-bag communicating with the same at a point immediately above the fire-box, and the inclined cold-air flue arranged exteriorly on the roof of the kiln in the vertical planeof the fire-bag and communicating with the kiln through one or more openings, whereby the air escaping from the vertical mingled with the cold air admitted to the kiln through the cold-air flue, substantially as described.

NEWMAN S. CLARK.- 4

Witnesses:

HARRY G. J ORDAN,

BYRON REED.

fire-bag into the interior of the kiln is com-- 

